Knocking is a phenomenon characterized by undesirable
vibration and noise and can cause engine damage. Knock Sensor (KS) is
installed on the cylinder block and senses engine knocking.
When knocking occurs, the vibration from the cylinder block
is applied as pressure to the piezoelectric element. When a knock
occurs, the sensor produces voltage signal. The ECM retards the ignition
timing when knocking occurs. If the knocking disappears after retarding
the ignition timing, the ECM will advance the ignition timing. This
sequential control can improve engine power, torque and fuel economy.
Inspection
1.
Check the signal waveform of the CMPS and CKPS using the GDS.
Specification: Refer to “Wave Form”
Removal
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DON’T remove the camshaft ...
Refrigerant line: Repair procedures
Replacement
1.
Discharge refrigerant from refrigeration system.
2.
Replace faulty tube or hose.
Cap the open fittings immediately to keep moisture or dirt out of ...
1. Crankcase emission control system
The positive crankcase ventilation system is employed to prevent air pollution
caused by blow-by gases being emitted from the crankcase. This system supplies fresh
filtered air to the crankcase th ...