Knocking is a phenomenon characterized by undesirable
vibration and noise and can cause engine damage. Knock Sensor (KS) is
installed on the cylinder block and senses engine knocking.
When knocking occurs, the vibration from the cylinder block
is applied as pressure to the piezoelectric element. When a knock
occurs, the sensor produces voltage signal. The ECM retards the ignition
timing when knocking occurs. If the knocking disappears after retarding
the ignition timing, the ECM will advance the ignition timing. This
sequential control can improve engine power, torque and fuel economy.
Inspection
1.
Check the signal waveform of the CMPS and CKPS using the GDS.
Specification: Refer to “Wave Form”
Removal
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DON’T remove the camshaft ...
Rear Washer Switch: Repair procedures
Inspection
Check for continuity between the terminals while operating
the wiper and washer switch. If it is not normal condition, replace
wiper and washer switch.
Rear Wiper Switch
Rear Was ...
Securing a child restraint seat with tether anchor system
Child restraint hook holders are located on the back of the rear seatbacks.
1.Route the child restraint seat strap over the seatback.
For vehicles with adjustable headrests, route the tether str ...